1. Explain the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and other Enlightenment philosophers.

2. Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe.

3. Describe changes in art, music, and literature during the Enlightenment.

4. Explain the Enlightenment’s influence on American government.

5.  Describe colonial society in Latin America and explain how the peoples of Latin America won their independence.

6. Trace the origins, growth, and decline of the Ottoman Empire.

7. Describe the unification of Germany and explain shifts in power in the 1800’s.

8. Explain how nationalism in the 1800’s worked as a force for both disunity and unity?

9. Trace the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany and describe its impact.

10. Describe the social unrest in Russia, the Bolshevik Revolution, and the resulting Communist government.

11.  Explain why Japan instituted a policy of isolationism during the time of European expansion.

12. Explain why Japan ended its isolation.

13. Trace the growth of Japanese imperialism. (Meiji Era)

14. Summarize China’s resistance to foreigners and its internal problems, and trace the growth of foreign influence and nationalism in China.

15. Describe the differences and similarities among the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

16. Describe the formation of Israel.

17. Trace the conflicts between Israel and Arab states.

18. Describe the Palestinian struggle for independence.

19. Explain Arab-Israeli peace efforts.

20. Explain why Great Britain wanted to control the Suez Canal.